PROBLEMS

Answers to all odd-numbered problems are at the end of the book

BASIC PROBLEMS

Section 1–1

The Atom
1. If the atomic number of a neutral atom is 6, how many electrons does the atom have? How many protons?
2. What is the maximum number of electrons that can exist in the 3rd shell of an atom?

Section 1–2

Materials Used in Electronics
3. For each of the energy diagrams in Figure 1–21, determine the class of material based on
relative comparisons.
4. A certain atom has four valence electrons. What type of atom is it?
5. In a silicon crystal, how many covalent bonds does a single atom form?

Section 1–3

Current in Semiconductors
6. What happens when heat is added to silicon?
7. Name the two energy bands at which current is produced in silicon.

Section 1–4

N-Type and P-Type Semiconductors
8. Describe the process of doping and explain how it alters the atomic structure of silicon.
9. What is antimony? What is boron?

Section 1–5

The PN Junction
10. How is the electric field across the pn junction created?
11. Because of its barrier potential, can a diode be used as a voltage source? Explain.